In Essence

Jessica Lea-
Chinese Oil trice Wolfe, in Asian Survey (June 1976), University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif. 94720.
China's fast-growing petroleum industry-315 million barrels produced in 1972, increasing 20-25 percent annually-has attracted attention in the West especially since the 1973-74 energy crisis. Most specialists look at China's oil exports potential. But it is more valuable to observe Maoist principles of economic development, argues Jessica Leatrice Wolfe, a graduate student...

1962, Nkrumah had gone on the political defensive. He re- versed his nationalist policies and deliberately fostered ethnic differ- ences in the military and elsewhere to divide his political foes. Grad- ually, tribalism revived. In the Army's 1966 anti-Nkrumah coup, the original plotters, all Ewes, added an Ashanti, a Ga, and a Fante only at the last moment. Nkrumah's last ditch supporters were almost all northerners, whom he had favored with top army and police posts, or members of Nkrumah's own...

Had-Rethinking the ley Arkes, in Commentary (May 1976), 'Inevitable" 165 E. 56th st., New York, N.Y. 10022.
Opening the governments of Italy and France to indigenous Communist participation would seem to be an idea "whose time has come." Yet what is the commitment of those parties to the principles of parlia- mentary democracy? Arkes, a professor of political science at Amherst, says the evidence indicates that their commitment is "rooted in noth- ing more substantial than a...

Joel Havernann,
Rochelle L. Stanfield, and Neal R. Peirce,Way Up North in National Journal (June 26, 1976). 1730 M St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036.
Federal tax and spending policies are abetting a huge transfer of wealth from the Northeast and Midwest to the fast-growing southern and western "sunbelt" states, according to National Journal compu-tations. The people of the economically stagnating Northeast and Great Lakes states are paying out vastly more in federal taxes than they receive...

"A Party Jack Barbash, in Challenge (MayJune
Known as COPE" 1976), 901 N. Broadway, White Plains,
N.Y. 10603.
An American labor party could have emerged from the mass unionism of the 1930s but it did not happen-and it's not going to happen. Barbash, a University of Wisconsin economist, traces early American unionism from its anti-industrial and anti-capitalist origins to the New Deal era, when labor leaders like the coal miners' John L. Lewis turned their backs on class theory and embarked...

"A Party Jack Barbash, in Challenge (MayJune
Known as COPE" 1976), 901 N. Broadway, White Plains,
N.Y. 10603.
An American labor party could have emerged from the mass unionism of the 1930s but it did not happen-and it's not going to happen. Barbash, a University of Wisconsin economist, traces early American unionism from its anti-industrial and anti-capitalist origins to the New Deal era, when labor leaders like the coal miners' John L. Lewis turned their backs on class theory and embarked...

child-rearing-a constraint felt men as well as women. (Of women surveyed who had children at home, 5.3 percent had run for local public office, as against 26.1 percent with no children at home who had done so. For men it was 21.5 percent as against 38.9 percent.) Lee found women also shy away from seeking office because they see it as an inappro- priate form of political activity (as distinct from helping others win election), because they feel others (both men and women) would dis- approve, and...

Rob-Bad-mouthing the ert Samuelson. in The New Republic (May 15, 1976), 1220 19th St., hash-Bureaucracy ington, D.C.20036.
Samuelson, a Washington writer for the Financial Times of London, challenges the revived election-year notions that the federal bureau- cracy has grown enormously in the past decade; that federal workers are grossly overpaid; that the government could be more effective and less costly if it were reorganized. In fact, Samuelson notes, federal civilian employment has grown about...

Rob-Bad-mouthing the ert Samuelson. in The New Republic (May 15, 1976), 1220 19th St., hash-Bureaucracy ington, D.C.20036.
Samuelson, a Washington writer for the Financial Times of London, challenges the revived election-year notions that the federal bureau- cracy has grown enormously in the past decade; that federal workers are grossly overpaid; that the government could be more effective and less costly if it were reorganized. In fact, Samuelson notes, federal civilian employment has grown about...

Andrew J. Pierre, in Orbis (Win-With Terrorism ter 1976), 3508 Market St., Philadelphia,
Pa. 19104.
International terrorism is clearly on the rise and cannot be regarded as a passing phenomenon. During the two decades prior to 1969 an annual average of 5 aircraft hijackings occurred; in the early 1970s, writes Pierre, an American arms control and European security spe- cialist at the Council on Foreign Relations, more than 60 took place each year. The past six years have seen more than 500 major...

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