demonstrating American "resolve" through both diplomacy and force, Washington hoped to convince Hanoi that it was futile to con- tinue fighting. But "signaling" was not really a strategy at all. Wash- ington "did not define a clear military mission . . . ," Rosen says, and, until 1968, "it did not establish a clear limit to the resources to be allo- cated." Nobody had a plan to win the war.
Limited war is "strange" war, Rosen concludes. Civilian...