diverting Afghan trade from free world markets to the Soviet Bloc, granting large credits at low interest rates, and by "insinuating" direct Soviet participation in Afghan economic planning. Second, to increase Afghan dependence on the Soviet economy through bilateral trade, expanded credit, and complex monetary or barter arrangements. By 1978 the USSR accounted for 37 percent of all Afghan exports and 34 percent of Afghan imports.
Since the 1979 invasion, Soviet control of the Afghan...