In Essence

Dewey F. Bartlett and James on NATO Arms H. Polk, in AEI Defense Review (no. 6, 1977), American Enterprise Institute, 1150 17th Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036.
Standardization of military hardware, long an operational goal of the 13-nation Atlantic alliance, is the "key" to NATO's survival as an effec- tive deterrent, according to Senator Bartlett (R.-Okla.). But General Polk, former commander in chief of the U.S. Army in Europe and the Seventh Army, believes that standardization...

Dewey F. Bartlett and James on NATO Arms H. Polk, in AEI Defense Review (no. 6, 1977), American Enterprise Institute, 1150 17th Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036.
Standardization of military hardware, long an operational goal of the 13-nation Atlantic alliance, is the "key" to NATO's survival as an effec- tive deterrent, according to Senator Bartlett (R.-Okla.). But General Polk, former commander in chief of the U.S. Army in Europe and the Seventh Army, believes that standardization...

IODICALS

FOREIGN POLICY & DEFENSE
The major problem with any broad new treaty, says Westervelt, is that, given the primitive state of electronic inspection devices, the Soviet Union could easily circumvent the terms of a "comprehensive" ban without detection. The closed nature of Soviet society adds to the problems of verification. Small underground tests, Westervelt believes, would pass without notice, enabling the Soviets to test and modernize their weapons systems.
In the United S...

IODICALS

FOREIGN POLICY & DEFENSE
of Japan's potential nuclear capacity.
The new findings also call into question the arguments of historians who contend that dropping a second bomb on Nagasaki in August 1945 was unnecessary. In their view, the earlier Hiroshima bomb had broken the Japanese will to fight. But, according to Shapley, after the Hiroshima bomb was exploded, physicist Nishina was summoned to Tokyo and asked first whether the bomb had been atomic, then "whether Japan could h...

IODICALS

FOREIGN POLICY & DEFENSE
of Japan's potential nuclear capacity.
The new findings also call into question the arguments of historians who contend that dropping a second bomb on Nagasaki in August 1945 was unnecessary. In their view, the earlier Hiroshima bomb had broken the Japanese will to fight. But, according to Shapley, after the Hiroshima bomb was exploded, physicist Nishina was summoned to Tokyo and asked first whether the bomb had been atomic, then "whether Japan could h...

Robert Pringle, in Foreign Policy (Win-Foggy Bottom ter 1977-78), 155 Allen Blvd., Far-mingdale, N.Y. 11735.
A recent British commission concluded that Her Majesty's diplomatic service was irrelevant and should be disbanded. The U.S. State De- partment has also had its share of problems, including chronic bad relations with Congress and insecurity dating back to the McCarthy era. These traditional ills, writes Pringle, a foreign service officer, are now being aggravated numerous others, including...

weak internal management, a rigid personnel system, and a lack of long-range planning. At least 65 studies since 1951 have iden- tified these shortcomings, but no corrective action has been taken. Promotion panels still tend to penalize those who seek experience "out- side the stagnant mainstream."
The oversupply of senior officials will increase in the months ahead as a result of a recent Supreme Court decision raising the mandatory retirement age from 60 to 70. This development, combined...

the expropriated companies. The result: confiscation of Cuban merchandise.
Even so, says Zimbalist, increased trade with the United States seems inevitable. Cuba is constructing or refurbishing 27 hotels in ap- parent expectation of a new tourist boom. Americans have not lost their taste for rum and cigars. And Cuba could satisfy some of the U.S. de- mand for sugar and nickel (22 percent of U.S. sugar imports now come from the Philippines, 78 percent of the nickel imports from Canada and Norway)....

Ar- thur Okun, in The Brooking5 Bulletin (Fall But Not Growth 1977), 1775 Massachusetts Ave. N.w.,
Washington, D.C. 20036.
Since the early 1970s the United States has suffered from high unem- ployment and high inflation, a situation new to both American history and economic theory. Successive administrations have responded with traditional monetary and fiscal measures. The failure of these remedies should surprise no one, argues Okun, a Brookings Senior Fellow. "Stagflation"-inflation...

Ar- thur Okun, in The Brooking5 Bulletin (Fall But Not Growth 1977), 1775 Massachusetts Ave. N.w.,
Washington, D.C. 20036.
Since the early 1970s the United States has suffered from high unem- ployment and high inflation, a situation new to both American history and economic theory. Successive administrations have responded with traditional monetary and fiscal measures. The failure of these remedies should surprise no one, argues Okun, a Brookings Senior Fellow. "Stagflation"-inflation...

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