others, says Wildavsky. It is the natural reaction of "a satisfied superpower happy to hold on and un-
willing to act except when provoked." The United States acts like a defensive power because it is a defensive power.
~~ Except for supplanting Soviet influ-
ence in Egypt after the 1973 Arab-
Richard M. Niron Israeli war, Nixon took no actions that put the United States in a stronger position than it was before.
Can defensiveness provide a sound defense? Not in the long run, W...
the enemy.
The Fragile "Western Europe's Relations with the
United States" Uwe Nerlich, in
artnershfp Daedalus (Winter 1979), 165Allandale St., Jamaica Plain Station, Boston, Mass. 02130.
The reconstruction of postwar Western Europe and the creation of the Atlantic Alliance (1949) were historic achievements of American foreign policy, even though they were more the result of improvisation than of any grand design.The Alliance brought an awkward dependence on
U.S. nuclear power, but...
Suzanne Bereer, in TheJournal of TheIn-
P\M Mi/itant/ilute for ~ocioeconomic studies (Winter 1978), Airport Road, White Plains, N.Y. 10604.
U.S. officials have already discovered that millions of illegal aliens
provide a vast pool of low-cost labor for menial work that unemployed
Americans refuse to do. Western Europe is learning that foreign labor
poses serious problems for the future.
Despite rapidly rising unemployn~ent, says Berger, M.I.T. political
scientist, 7 million immigrants...
unemployed nationals. In France, the status of 420,000 Algerian mi- grants is protected treaty. Moreover, under existing EEC legislation, migrants from one Common Market country working in another cannot be sent home. West European governments are reluctant to send mi- grants back to Spain and Portugal for fear of creating turmoil in those fragile new democracies that might destabilize the rest of Europe.
The children of these migrants are likely to be a volatile problem when they reach working...
continental European and Japanese multi- nationals and their development of sophisticated technology and managerial skills. The quadrupling of oil prices OPEC countries also gave a great boost to the demand for energy-saving products and proc- esses that were already on hand in resource-short Europe and Japan.
What about the future? U.S. multinationals must now compete with a variety of new trading companies, import houses, and retailers to provide private investment capital, technology, and marketing...
farmers to consumers, tougher antitrust enforcement, graduated corporate income taxes, and a limit on the tax deduction for advertising expenditures.
RELIGION & PHILOSOPHY
Defining Religion "Governnlent and the Church" Charles
M. Whelan, in America (Dec. 16, 1978) 106
W. 56th St., New York, N.Y. 10019.
The U.S. Supreme Court has consistently interpreted the Constitution as creating three categories of religious exemptions: the mandatory, the permissible, and the forbidden.
The e...
IODICALS
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15
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33
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20
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
36
ECONOMICS, LABOR & BUSINESS
25
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41
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27
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conservative Republicans.
"Political Parties and Presidential Ambi- tion" James W. Ceaser, in The Journal of ~olitics (Aug. 1978), University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla. 3261 1.
Political parties, long a central feature of America's form of govern-
ment, are exercising a waning influence over both the selection of Pres-
idents and their behavior once in office, thanks in part to recent party
reforms instituted in the name of "direct democracy" and greater
"fairness"...
Walter Dean Burnham, in Welfare Stale The Washington Ra'iav of Strategic and
International Studies (July 1978), Trans-
action Periodicals Consortium, Rutgers
University, New Brunswick, NJ. 08903.
The specter of "ungovernability" has come to haunt Western politi-
cians and intellectuals in the 1970s.
Today's predicament in the United States, Britain, Italy, and other
Western countries is ultimately the by-product of severe strains in ad-
vanced capitalist societies, says Burnham, an M...
Walter Dean Burnham, in Welfare Stale The Washington Ra'iav of Strategic and
International Studies (July 1978), Trans-
action Periodicals Consortium, Rutgers
University, New Brunswick, NJ. 08903.
The specter of "ungovernability" has come to haunt Western politi-
cians and intellectuals in the 1970s.
Today's predicament in the United States, Britain, Italy, and other
Western countries is ultimately the by-product of severe strains in ad-
vanced capitalist societies, says Burnham, an M...