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A Matter "Iran's Foreign Devils" Roy Parviz Mottahedeh, in Foreign Policy (Spring of Revenge 1980), P.O. BOX 984, Farmingdale, N.Y.
11737.
By supporting the seizure of the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and many Iranians have put nationalist sentiments ahead of true fealty to Islamic teachings. This reflects the Iranians' powerful xenophobic urge to avenge long years of alleged foreign dom- ination, writes Mottahedeh, who teaches Islamic history at Princeton.
Islam's...
1975, Mottahedeh writes, many Iranians believed that all 85,000 Americans assisting the Shah's army and economic development had "some standing that made them a community not fully subject to Iranian law."
Khomeini's anti-Americanism intensified in exile. Since the Shah's overthrow it has shaped Iran's treatment of U.S. citizens. In May 1979, all special American privileges were revoked the Revolutionary Council. But US. diplomats still enjoyed immunity. Last October 28, Khomeini told...
Louise Shelley, in American Sociologi- ca~eview(Feb. i980), Dept. of ~ociology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. 61801.
What is the crime capital of the Soviet Union? Surprisingly, it is not Moscow-nor Leningrad-but the much smaller port city of Vladivos- tok, in the Eastern Maritime region. According to Shelley, an American University sociologist, strict Soviet controls have not wiped out crime but shifted lawbreakers and crime-prone elements of the population to the USSR's small eastern and...
two-thirds in 10 years-and found that its crime rate grew even more quickly. The USSR's three largest cities (Moscow, Leningrad, and Kiev), contrast, enjoy crime rates far below those of the smaller Soviet cities. Thus, thanks to government policy, the geography of Soviet crime differs markedly from that of other industrialized countries.
Workers of the "Migration and Development: The Changing Perspective of the Poor Arab Persian Gulf Countries" by J. S. Birks and C. A.
Sinclair, in...
W. A.
Expanded Richards, in Journal of African History (Jan. 1980), Cambridge University Press, 32 East 57th St., New York, N.Y. 10022.
Shipments of European firearms to native kingdoms revolutionized warfare in 17th- and 18th-century West Africa. They also fueled a great expansion of the slave trade, writes Richards, a historian at Britain's North Worcestershire College.
For several centuries, various West African rulers served as local "agents" for European slavers, selling the captives...
sudden volleys of gunfire." Moreover, flintlocks loaded with buckshot could fell foes-and potential slaves-without fatal injury, unlike earlier muskets capable of firing only the more lethal single ball.
These cheap weapons made slaving so profitable for West Africans that warfare became a way of life. Moreover, the insatiable demand of new Dutch and English plantations in the Americas for slave labor boosted the price of human exports. In some regions of West Africa, slave prices tripled...
"Brown v. Board of Education and the Interest-Convergence Dilemma" by Derrick A. Bell, Jr., in Haivard Law Review (Jan. 1980), Gannett House, Cambridge, Mass. 02138.
court-ordered busing in 1976, rioting Boston students attack a black lawyer with Old Gloq~. Stan-ley Forman's photo won the 1977 Pulitzer Prize.
dicial second thoughts," too. In recent decisions such as Milliken v. Bradley (1974)and Dayton Board of Education v. Briizkimzn (1977), the Court has "erected barriers" to achieving racial balance in schools- chiefly rating "local control" just as important as integration (effec- tively preventing school busing between the suburbs...
lawyers who helped redesign California's welfare system under Gov- ernor Ronald Reagan, the firm boasts 18 attorneys and offices in Sac- ramento, Seattle, and Washington, D.C.
At a time when the more than 100 liberal public-interest law firms face major financial problems, the conservatives are prospering. Twenty-seven percent of Pacific's present $2 million budget comes from corporations. Chambers of Commerce, trade associations, foundations, private law firms, and individuals also provide money....
Thomas E. Cronin, in Public Opinion
Expectations (Feb.-March 1980), Circulation Depart-
ment. c/o AEI. 1150 17th St. N.W.. Wash- ington, D.C. 20036.
In a recent Gallup Poll, 73 percent of Americans surveyed said that "the public expects more of a President today than in the past." Another survey late last year showed that Americans believe "strong leader- ship" to be the single most important quality in a President.
In 1787, the Founding Fathers designed the Presidency as...