"encircling the cities from the countryside." The heretical vision worked. But Mao's "realistic utopianism" turned into fantasy with the Great Leap Forward, which produced not abun- dance but hunger.
Yet, Schram argues, any effective national movement must have a vision of what should be. And new goals are under discussion in China today: "democracy" (variously defined) and "modernization." What China needs, he says, is a "new, realistic utopia . . ....