by Ralph N.Clough
When the artillery finally stopped firing on July 27, 1953, Korea was a devastated land. The mountains and rice paddies were scarred by trenches and shell holes. Entire villages were erased. Seoul and Pyongyang were partly in ruins. And among the people, the trauma had been profound. The South Koreans had sustained 313,000 battle casualties; more than a million civilians had lost their lives; 2.5 million refugees had fled south from North Korea; and the economy was at a standstill....
the Ernest Hemingways and the James Joneses.
Korea's history did not, of course, begin with the U.S. entry into the 1950-53 war, although that period undoubtedly marks the beginning of many Americans' recognition of the Koreans as a separate people.
The strategic location of the Ko- rean peninsula meant that from the beginning its inhabitants were often subjugated outsiders, especially, for centuries, by invaders from the Chinese hinterland. The Chinese ruler Ch'i Tzu in 1122 B.C. subdued Korea's...
public agencies and private institutions
"The Universe: Finite or Infinite?"
Smithsonian Institution, Office of Public Affairs, Washington, D.C. 20560.2~~.
Author: George Field
The universe is now expanding, ap- parently as the result of a giant explo- sion some 15 to 20 billion years ago. Will it continue to expand indefinitely, or stop expanding and collapse?
While some recent observations suggest that it will expand through all eternity, scientists at the Harvard- Smithsonian Center...
To understand the United States today, it is necessary to know some- thing about the Establishment.
Most citizens don't realize it exists. Yet the Establishment makes its influence felt from the President's Cabinet to the professional life of a young college teacher who wants a foundation grant. It affects the nation's policies in almost every area.
-The News & Courier, Charleston, S.C., October 18, 1961
It is now, of course, conceded by Naturally, Establishment leaders most fair-minded...
MichaelVoting On Nelson, in The Nation (Feb. 25, 1978), 333 the Issues Sixth Ave., New York, N.Y., 10014.
At a time when the American public is said to be "turned off" from government and "dropping out" of politics, use of the initiative, which citizens can propose laws and have them voted up or down in general elections, is on the rise at the state and local level. Nelson, a contributing editor of The Washington Monthly, suggests that the time for extending the initiative idea...
Bruce Adams,
in National Civic Review (Jan. 1978), 47 E.
68th St., New York, N.Y. 10021.
The U.S. Supreme Court decisions of the mid-1960s requiring periodic reapportionment-the decennial division of states into legislative dis- tricts for voting purposesÃ?â??o the basis of "one person, one vote" elimi- nated the gross population inequalities among legislative districts.
However, "the reapportionment revolution remains unfi...
Bruce Adams,
in National Civic Review (Jan. 1978), 47 E.
68th St., New York, N.Y. 10021.
The U.S. Supreme Court decisions of the mid-1960s requiring periodic reapportionment-the decennial division of states into legislative dis- tricts for voting purposesÃ?â??o the basis of "one person, one vote" elimi- nated the gross population inequalities among legislative districts.
However, "the reapportionment revolution remains unfi...
monitoring all zoning to bar exclusionary schemes or forcing communities to permit a certain amount of low-rent housing as a condition for admitting new industry. States could also agree to absorb all or part of the cost of facilities required by new residents.
"James Madison: The Unimperial Presi- dent" by Ralph Ketcham, in Virginia as Quarterly Review (Winter 1978), Univer-
sity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
22903.
No constitutional issue more consumed James Madison than that...
giving Mr. Madison men and money?" asked Gouverneur Morris, former minister to France. Faced with obstructions to recruiting, tax-collecting, and the movement of troops, Madison, like later Presidents, believed that domestic discontent was "the greatest, if not the sole, inducement with the enemy to persevere."
Unlike some later Presidents, however, Madison refused to crack down on dissent, believing that to do so would be "to 'lose' the war waging it incongruously"-by...
~eanneBell Nicholson and ~ebra
W. Stewart, in Publius (Winter 1978), Center for the Study of Federalism, Tem- ple University, Philadelphia, Pa. 19122.
On June 20, 1977, the Supreme Court held that states were not required to subsidize elective abortions as a condition to receiving Medicaid funds and that state laws could prohibit nontherapeutic abortions at publicly-owned hospitals. This and a subsequent Court decision clear- ing the way for implementing the 1976 congressional provision restrict-...