extension, modern industrial states. Winner suggests that this may be true where nuclear power is concerned. "Soft energy" advocates, on the other hand, contend that solar energy is more compatible with democ- racy: It can be produced economically in small, independent cells, eas- ily constructed from household materials.
FOREIGN POLICY & DEFENSE
"Carter and the Fall of the Shah: The In-
The Indecisive
side Story" bv Michael A. Ledeen and Monarch William H. ~ewis, in...
American diplomats, he leaned heavily on the United States for support and guidance. In late 1978, faced with incipient rebellion and debilitated anticancer drugs, the Shah waffled between violent repression and conciliation. He turned to Washington for direction.
The Carter administration, say the authors, gave him conflicting signals. National Security Adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski urged the Shah to maintain control at any cost. Cyrus Vance's State Department be- lieved the Shah was doomed and...
Capt. Earl H. Tilford, Jr.,&en Giants in Air University Review (Jan.-Feb. 19801,
Superintendent of Documents, Govern-
ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.
Rescuing downed pilots in Indochina strained the U.S. Air Force's helicopter capabilities to the limit. But the "chopper" force-previ- ously used to fly mercy missions in the United States and pluck as- tronauts from the sea-came through with flying colors.
From 196 1 until 1964, the Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Service...
J. Robert Schaetzel and H. B. Malmgren, in Foreign Policy of Power (Summer 1980), P.O. Box 984, Farrning- dale. N.Y. 11737.
International summit meetings, which became increasingly popular among Prime Ministers and Presidents in the 1970s, create more prob- lems than they solve, write Schaetzel, a former U.S. Ambassador to the European Economic Community, and Malmgren, former U.S. Deputy Trade Representative.
Since 1976, heads of state from West Germany, Japan, France, Italy, Canada, Great Britain,...
Don Wright, Miami New;, NYTSpecial Features.
Don Wright portrayed the July 1977 economic summit of the "Big Seven" Western powers-held in London-as all talk and no action.
attention and cooperative efforts" through truly international ar-rangements such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the International Monetary Fund, write Schaetzel and Malmgren. A handful of government heads, meeting intermittently, cannot hope to control world events.
ECONOMICS, LABOR &...
Mary A. Yeager, in The Journal of Economic History (Mar. 1980), Eleutherian Mills
Historical Library, P.O. Box 3630, Wil-
mington, Del. 19807.
Trade protection is commonly viewed as a crutch that governments occasionally hand to faltering domestic industries. Yeager, a UCLA his- torian, argues that tariffs and import quotas have supported the world's steel industries for so long that protection itself has become a key ingredient in steelmaking...
Mary A. Yeager, in The Journal of Economic History (Mar. 1980), Eleutherian Mills
Historical Library, P.O. Box 3630, Wil-
mington, Del. 19807.
Trade protection is commonly viewed as a crutch that governments occasionally hand to faltering domestic industries. Yeager, a UCLA his- torian, argues that tariffs and import quotas have supported the world's steel industries for so long that protection itself has become a key ingredient in steelmaking...
PERIODICALS
ECONOMICS. LABOR & BUSINESS
from economic hardship. Far from expecting ever higher living stan- dards, most 19th-century Americans worried about recurrent economic depressions. Since the Great Depression of the 1930s, however, federal social programs and fiscal policy have put "floors" under most eco- nomic activity. Social Security, unemployment compensation, parity payments to farmers, federally insured bank deposits, and public works programs provide "a degre...
jected Anglo-Saxon surnames into Celtic areas of the British Isles but
left Celtic cultures intact.
According to the McDonalds' new estimate, which takes into account
the ethnic traditions of immigrant Americans as well as "bloodlines,"
less than half the population south of Pennsylvania was Anglo-Saxon.
(Unreliable figures from several states make accurate new nation-wide
estimates impossible.)
Where Barker and Hansen classified 64.5 percent of Marylanders as
Anglo-Saxon, the...
Reeve D. Vanneman, in American Journal Differences of Sociology (Jan. 1980), University of Chicago Press, 5801 Ellis Ave., Chicago,
111. 60637,
With their egalitarian traditions, Americans have always seemed less "class-conscious" than Europeans. Yet a survey of 9,371 British and American voters analyzed Vanneman, a University of Maryland so- ciologist, suggests that social class may be slightly more sharply de- fined by Americans than by Britons.
Sixty-eight percent of Americans surveyed...