John Sharpless and
of kinism John Rury, in Social Science History (Au-tumn 1980), Sage Publications, Inc., 275 South Beverly Dr., Beverly Hills,Calif. 90212.
In the small, dirty garment lofts, cigar factories, and other sweatshops of early 20th-century America, women frequently worked 12-hour days for as little as 10 cents an hour. But few factory women-most of whom were first- and second-generation European immigrants-were promis-ing candidates for union membership, relate Sharpless and Rury,...
preaching assertiveness. Their meetings resem- bled tea parties and made lower-class women feel out of place.
Eventually, the feminists gave up and turned their attention almost exclusively to suffrage. As historian Alice Kessler-Harris notes, immi- grant women laborers were left "between a trade union movement hostile to women . . . and a women's movement whose participants did not work for wages."
Raising "Gasoline Taxation in Selected OECD
Countries, 1970-79" Alan A. Tait...
Haitung King and Frances B. Locke, in Interna-
in America tional Migration Review (Spring 1980), Center for Migration Studies, 209 Flagg PI., Staten Island, N.Y. 10304.
During America's frontier boom from 1850 to 1880, the sight of pig- tailed Chinese men panning northern California's streams for gold be- came common. Yet, beginning in the 1870s, opportunities for immi- grant Chinese in the New World narrowed, and their descendants are still underrepresented in some white-collar occupations.
During...
1970, the proportion of Chinese working in personal services had plummeted to 7.1 percent (still higher than the 2.3 percent figure for whites). Chinese employed in manufacturing more than doubled, from 7.6 to 17.3 percent. And the proportion of professionals jumped from 2.2 to 21.2 percent, surpassing the figure of 17 percent for working whites. Today, higher percentages of Chinese men hold college degrees than do white or black males.
Chinese are still overrepresented in some fields. In 1970,83...
1978.
From 1972 to 1978, Jews held the most "liberal" views on abortion, Catholics the most "conservative." Whereas 90 percent of Jews consist- ently approved abortion under any circumstances, between 13 and 20 percent of Catholics thought abortion was never justified. Protestant attitudes fell in between. Respondents under 30 years old consistently supported abortion on demand between 1972 and 1978.
College-educated persons held more liberal attitudes than in- dividuals with...
the black estab- lishment (notably the National Urban League). They respond that to- day's black leaders, largely from middle-class backgrounds, have mis- gauged the real needs of the lower-class black majority.
PRESS & TELEVISION
Watching "The Media at Mid-Year: A Bad Year for
McLuhanites" Michael Robinson, in the Primaries Public Opinion (June-~uly 1980), Circula- tion Dept., c/o AEI, 1150 17th St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036.
If you relied solely on CBS-TV for news of the 198...
Robinson. Anderson came in third with 28 percent. Carter, however, received 13 more personality knocks than plaudits, and Rea- gan 3 more. Senator Edward M. Kennedy's personality plaudits bal- anced out the gibes, as was the case with GOP contenders John Con- nally, Philip Crane, and Robert Dole, and Democrat Jerry Brown. Re- publican Senator Howard Baker came out slightly behind. Only Ander- son consistently came out ahead.
Robinson speculates that liberal, articulate reporters instinctively warmed...
the story-$6 to $8 per news column in New York, where rates were high- est, $16 for exclusives, and 50 cents an hour when assigned stories fell through. Reporters were rarely reimbursed for their expenses.
Since cost-conscious editors cut stories to the bone, and since column inches meant money, a reporter always handed in reams of copy. Moreover, he quickly learned that "the plain 'fire' is worth a dollar and the 'conflagration' will make him a possible ten," as one editor ob- served...
IODICALS
PRESS& TELEVISION
organizations; 35 percent were opinion columns or editorials. The re- mainder were illustrations and feature pieces. Yet only 6 percent of all stories reviewed the history of affirmative action. A mere 4 percent described the workings and results of special admissions programs. And only 5 percent portrayed the background of plaintiff Allan Bakke. All the papers except the World editorialized strongly against Bakke's position, but news headlines were generally neutral. F...
excluding them from the priest- hood), requiring celibacy of all priests [except for married Anglican clergymen who join the Catholic Church], and his ban on contraception run counter to the contention that each individual is unique, says Cox. And, he adds, the pope seemingly contradicted his own human rights stance refusing to allow dissident Swiss theologian Hans Kung "to select his own counsel and have full access to his dossier" if and when Kung answers the Vatican's summons to defend...