In Essence

Pouring academic publications online has not meant that researchers can find them. There's too much out there, and it's too poorly indexed.

America has been dealing with energy crises for a long time. Like the one in the winter of 1637...

The German cities of Lübeck and Hamburg took different approaches to outside trade; one faded into insignificance, while the other became Europe's third most important trading center.

The Brussels-based leaders of the European Union might take a page from the Habsburg playbook in dealing with the problems of unifying its varied countries under one banner.

William F. Buckley Jr. opposed every milestone achievement of the civil rights movement, but he was no bigot.

Mary, the mother of Jesus, has long been revered by Catholics, but now evangelical Christians are increasingly drawn to her.

Does time run backward in other universes? It would match the symmetry of many other aspects of our physics.

A lesson in the ongoing struggle between man and nature, courtesy of Hawaii's gray bird grasshopper.

John Updike's ruminations about American artists and their need to "confront the viewer with something vitally actual, beyond illusion."

Like most cities, Paris's architecture is changing constantly, but there is a growing tension between the low-profile, older buildings in the city's center and the higher-rise denser construction on the périph.

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