Charles Success Wolf, Jr., in International Security (Sum-
mer 1981), The MIT Press (Journals), 28
Carleton St.,Cambridge, Mass. 02142.
For more than 100 developing countries outside OPEC, prosperity seems as distant a goal as it was 30 years ago. Yet despite initial pov- erty and steep oil prices, a few Third World nations have engineered vigorous (eight-plus percent) sustained economic growth over the past decade. How did they do it? Wolf, chief economist at the Rand Corpora- tion, describes...
Lynn Zimmer and James H. Jacobs, in Industrial and Labor
~b/kStrikes Relations Review (July 1981), New York State School of Industrial and Labor Re-lations, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 14853.
On April 18, 1979, after contract negotiations broke down, 7,000 prison guards illegally walked off their jobs at 33 New York State institutions. The events of the strike reveal the limitations of collective bargaining, particularly in dealings with public employees, say Zimmer and Jacobs, a graduate...
Ronald Max Hart-
well, in The Cato Journal (Spring 1981),
PYTV England 747 Front St., San Francisco, Calif. 941 11.
Wars and the taxes that financed them struck many late 18th-century Englishmen and economists-as well as later historians-as drags on economic growth during the Industrial Revolution. In fact, contends Hartwell, an Oxford historian, the economic benefits of taxation and military spending outweighed their costs.
England's Industrial Revolution roughly coincided with the Napole-...
Martin Kilson. in The
Black Society Public ~ntekt(summer 1981), P.O. Box
542, Old Chelsea, New York, N.Y. 10011.
The decline of black family median income relative to white families1- from 62 percent in 1975 to 57 percent today-is widely taken as a sign that black economic progress has slowed. But Kilson, a Harvard politi- cal scientist, contends that this aggregate "lag" masks the emergence of two black classes-the "haves," an employed black majority who have "made it"...
religious orga- nizations, which enabled them to [reduce] those features of lower class life detrimental to upward social mobility." Poor blacks need the same "self-help." Neighborhood church youth programs, the Rev. Jesse Jack- son's efforts to stir black children's zeal for education (PUSH), and new "back-to-basics" black-run private schools-all represent promising ways to break the cycle of poverty.
,p?4 - "The Long Reach of 1914" Jane Ne-
1/~e~i&;~k\l:
-J w...
lations of New York, Boston, Chicago, and other Northern industrial cities. Fully 20 percent of American adults age 20 to 24 had been born abroad. Then, World War I and restrictive legislation dramatically slowed the influx. Today, the wave of pre-1914 immigrants accounts for the record growth in the number of "old old" Americans (age 75 and over).
The disappearance of the pre-1914 immigrants will move the elderly much closer to the mainstream of American life, writes Newitt. From 1970...
12.1
and 11.8 percent, respectively. In California during 1979, Baptist and
Episcopal schools both educated higher percentages of black students
(12.5 and 17 percent, respectively) than did public schools (10.1 per-
cent). And while 1975 U.S. Census data from the Northeast showed
public schools trailing private schools in their share of students drawn
from families earning $30,000 or more, the difference was surprisingly
small (10.4 versus 16.7 percent). As one researcher put it, America's...
media conglomerates such as the Rizzoli publishing house. Collectively, they have lured away one-third of the state network's viewers and prompted wholesale state programming changes this fall.
Meanwhile, local and regional cable outfits are sprouting all over Eu- rope. (Residents of Brussels may already choose from among 13 cable channels.) In three years, European broadcast satellites will be able to relay alternative programming to rooftop antennae. Eventually, they will give European viewers...
James A. Michcner, in US. News and World Report (May 4, 1981), P.O. Box 2624, Boulder, Colo. 80302.
How could her editors have printed it? How could they have pushed it for a Pulitzer Prize? How could the Pulitzer advisory board have hon- ored it? These questions have dogged journalists since April 15, 1981, when Washington Post reporter Janet Cooke resigned after admitting that she had fabricated her Pulitzer Prize-winning article on "Jimmy," an eight-year-old heroin addict. Michener,...
Ronald worki in, in~hiloso-
Equality uhv and Public Affairs (Summer and Fall
i 2
198 1, respectively), princeton University Press, P.O. Box 231, Princeton, N.J. 08540.
Efficiency, wealth, liberty-the free market has been hailed for promot- ing many worthy goals, but equality is not one of them. Yet Dworkin, an Oxford philosopher, maintains that a form of free market is needed to achieve a coherent, fair system for equally distributing resources.
Dworkin examines in detail the pros and cons...