and Eriksson, soil scientist Svante Oden, combined all of these findings, and more, in 1967 and 1968. Somewhat flamboyantly, Oden described for the Swedish press a foul "chemical war" among the na- tions of Europe, in which pollutants of a single country could travel over 1,200 miles in the atmosphere. His reports finally aroused scores of European and North American scientists and politicians.
As of late 1981,93 stations across the United States and 50 in Canada had been set up to monitor...
Harold Orel, in The South Atlantic Quarterly (Spring 1982), Duke University Press, P.O. Box 6697, College Station, Durham, N.C. 27708.
More than 200 Kiplingisms pepper the third edition of the Oxford Dic- tionary of Quotations ("the white man's burden"; "I've taken my fun where I found it"; "A woman is only a woman, but a good cigar is a smoke"). And Rudyard Kipling's fiction-The Light That Failed, Cap- tains Courageous, Kim, and much more-still sells briskly in America,...
a firm belief that expansion without a
proper sense of responsibility toward the governed was foolhardy. In
his "The Ballad of East and West," he salutes strong men whatever
their race.
Kipling was no saint: "He was never a democrat, he detested female
suffragism, he despised the very concept of mass education," notes
Orel. But his efforts to probe grief, the horrors of war, and the "irration-
ality of human existence" through fiction deserve the serious consid-
eration...
Clara and Laughter Claiborne Park. in The American Scholar
(Spring 1982), 181 1 Q St. N.W., Washing-
ton, D.C. 20009.
A self-righteous atheist flirts with a Bible salesman, who returns her interest stealing her artificial leg. An old woman feels an instant of pity for the madman who has just murdered her family; he responds by shooting her in the chest. "Most people think of [my] stories as hard, hopeless, brutal," wrote author Flannery O'Connor, a prolific writer despite her own long...
out sides"). He sought improved relations with Pakistan. He also agreed to take $2 billion in credits from the anti-communist Shah of Iran and got financial commitments from Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, as well.
The prospect, however faint, of a Teheran-Kabul-Islamabad coalition of Muslims began to worry the Soviets. Daoud seemed unreliable. His April 1977 visit to Moscow to sign a treaty providing for more Soviet aid was marked "frankness" rather than cordiality. One year later, leftist...
"frankness" rather than cordiality. One year later, leftist Afghan military officers, encouraged the Soviets, seized power in Kabul. They slew Daoud and replaced him with a communist, Nur Muhammad Taraki, who soon stirred tribesmen's ire with his Marxist "modernization" efforts. [In 1979, Taraki was succeeded by another communist, Hafizullah Amin, who proved too independent for Moscow. Late in 1979, the Soviets intervened in force and replaced him.] Ambi- tious but inept, Daoud...
Taiwan, Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore. But in each case, government waves the magi- cian's wand. And a host of other special factors-political stability, cultural traits, geography-have contributed to their success.
"1968-79-Feminism and the Italian Femiraism7 Party System: Women's Politics in a Dec- ade of Turmoil" Yasmine Ergas, in
ItaIiaI-2Style Comparative Politics (Apr. 1982), Dept. 8010, Transaction Periodicals Consor- tium, Rutgers University, New Bruns- wick, N.J. 08903.
As...
In parliamentary elections in June 1976, the Communists, still cul- tivating their "establishment" image, put up many female candidates, but almost none were radical feminists. The strategy worked. The Communists carried an unprecedented 34 percent of the votes; the Christian Democrats got 38 percent. For the feminists, it was a serious blow. Their shrinking movement turned from politics to concentrate on women and the visual arts" and similar cultural matters.
Black Africa's "The...
Alexander the Great (356-323 B.c.) -sits high above the juncture of two rivers, an ideal site for a military outpost. It is surrounded a mud-brick wall 33 feet high and 20 to 27 feet thick. The city's grand palace, a complex of monumental adminis- trative and residential buildings, covers more than 20 acres. There is nothing like it in Greece; the model for the plan was probably Persian, and the flat roofs are "characteristically Eastern." But columns in the classical styles-Doric, Ionic,...
contrast, parallel processing starts with a network or grid containing a processor at each node. Writes Hiatt: "Elements in a grid trade off information, then pass a processed array of new information through further grids or layers of parallel processors . . . until a suitable level of representation or deci- sion making is reached." Human vision probably works this way, but at speeds no machine can match. A rudimentary parallel processor is due to be completed at the University of Maryland...