Mustafa Barzani. Barzani's son continues to battle Iraq, but now with support from Iran and Libya.
Since the Iran-Iraq war began in 1980, the Kurds have continued their violent campaigns in three nations.
Home to five Kurdish partisan armies, northern Iraq is "a cauldron of Kurdish separatism." Two groups of 10,000 guerrillas oppose the Iraqis, taking advantage of the army's preoccupation with the war to the south, and threatening the highway and oil pipeline to Turkey. Three armies...
Michael C. Reed, in The Journal of Modern African Studies (June 1987), 32 East 57th St., New York, N.Y. 10022.
The overthrow of governments is common in much of Africa. Yet in the small West African country of Gabon, French neocolonialism has helped ensure that only two men have ruled this nation of perhaps one million since its independence in 1960. Gabon's very identity, notes Reed, a doc- toral candidate at the University of Washington, Seattle, "is inseparable from France."
Gabon's...
the early 1990s. And an extensive exploration of Mars is planned, including the landing of an unmanned rov- ing vehicle (with a 500-kilometer range) on the "Red Planet' in 1994 or 1996; a possible manned flight is anticipated at about the same time.
"We do not intend to slacken our efforts," Soviet leader Wail Gorbachev said in a 1986 speech at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, "and lose leading positions in space exploration."
tmce? "The New Industrial Relations: British...
public agencies and private institutions
"Reagan and the Economy:
The Successes, Failures, and Unfinished Agenda.'
Institute for Contemporary Studies, 243 Kearny St., San Francisco, Calif., 94108. 301 pp.
$22.95.
Author: Michael J. Boskin
How have Ronald Reagan's economic
strategies affected American life?
Boskin, a Stanford University economist,
contends that the administration's policies,
continuing budget deficits aside, have made
the United States more productive and
prosperous tha...
E. DigbyStatus and Baltzell and Howard G. Schneiderman, in Soci-the dency ety (Sept.-Oct. 1988), Rutgers Univ., New
Brunswick, N.J. 08903.
What makes a successful president? Historians have examined many presi- dential traits. "Great" presidents (as rated scholars) tend to be tall; Abraham Lincoln stood over 6' 4", and George Washington and Thomas Jefferson were over 6' 2". But a chief executive's childhood, choice of college, political experience, and age at time of election...
Henry
Fairlie, in TheNew Republic (July 18-25,1988), 1220 19th St. N.K, Washington, D.C. 20036.
Ralph Waldo Emerson once described the April 19? 1775, Battle of Con- cord, the &st of the Revolutionary War, as "the shot heard round the world." But how did people abroad react to news of the Revolution? Fairlie? a New Republic contributing editor? reports that the Americans gave liberty-minded Europeans "a profound political philosophy" that im-mediately stirred controversy...
Elder Witt, in Governing State Courts (~ug. 1988), 1414 22nd st. N.w., Washington,
D.C. 20037.
In Detroit, Michigan, 400 acres are being cleared the city for a new Chrysler plant. In New Jersey, a new state income tax takes effect to help pay for local schools.
These steps, and others, were not simply initiated by elected officials. They resulted from state court actions. Witt, a Governing staff writer, notes that the supreme courts of the 50 states have moved beyond inter- preting the law and...
police in a manner that may violate a suspect's constitutional rights, contravening a 1984 U.S. Supreme Court decision that such evidence is admissible if acquired in "good faith."
The activism of state supreme courts, Witt predicts, will continue. "Issue issue," he observes, "state judges are proving to be willing partners in the ongoing experiment of government."
and the "Liberal Virtues, Constitutional Community" by Stephen Macedo, in The Review of Politics...
each generation. And in advancing his cause, a liberal should heed the advice of H. L. Mencken and assume that "his opponent is as decent a man as he is, and just as honest-and perhaps, after all, right."
FOREIGN POLICY & DEFENSE
erican Decline? "Understating U.S. Strength" Joseph S. Nye,
Jr., in Foreign Policy (Fall 1988), 11 Dupont
Circle N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036.
In recent years, many pundits and scholars, most notably Yale's Paul Ken- nedy (in The Rise and Fal...