IODICALS
FOREIGN POLICY & DEFENSE
whose commitments exceed their armed strength usually experience vigor- ous domestic opposition to any ambitious new foreign policy initiatives.
Since the 1960s, argues Huntington, director of Harvard's Center for International Affairs, the United States has suffered from a "Lippmann gapw-its responsibilities extend beyond its military reach. For example, the Carter Doctrine of 1980, which committed Washington to keeping the Persian Gulf area free of...
Captain Douglas K. Zimrnerman, U.S.
Army, Military Review, (Feb. 1988)
USACGSC, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027-
6910.
The U.S. Army, for more than a decade, has been trying to put more active duty soldiers in combat units, fewer in rear-echelon supply and maintenance outfits-"more tooth, less tail."
Captain Zimrnerman, a systems analyst, argues that this policy-cou- pled with low reserves of men and materiel and unrealistic Pentagon mobi- lization plans-has made it unlikely that...
almost two-thirds, sharply curbing promotions from within. Ca- reer paths will increasingly lead from firm to firm, both for the would-be bosses and the specialists, who may seek to move to a larger or more prestigious employer even without a gain in rank. As Drucker notes, while "bassoonists presumably neither want nor expect to be anything but bas- soonists," they might aspire to play for a better orchestra.
Stnpp.hgGenes "Biotechnology and the Regulation Hydra" Peter W....
"Air Safety, Deregulation, and Public Policy" by
Steven A. Morrison and Clifford Winston, in The
BrookingsReview (Winter 1988),Brookings In-
stitution, 1775 Massachusetts Ave. N.W., Wash-
ington, D.C. 20036.
In 1978, Congress stripped away the comfortable regulatory cocoon within which U.S. airlines had operated for 40 years. Decisions on "economic" matters (routes, fares, launching new carriers), long made the Civil Aeronautics Board, were left to the executives in the...
Horst H. Stipp, in
American Demographics (Feb. 1988), 108 North Cayuga St., Ithaca, N.Y. 14850.
Advertisers are slowly discovering an untapped market: pre-teens.
Stipp, director of social research at NBC, reports that U.S. children "buy and influence" many more products than advertisers (and parents) suspect. According to James McNeal, author of Children as Consumers (1987), the average weekly allowance for four- to 12-year-olds is $3 a week, or $157 a year. Thus, the more than 20 don...
"Black Demographics" Karl Zinsmeister, in
Even Divided Public Ooiniott (Jan.-Feb. 1988), American En-
terprise Institute, 1150 17th St. N.W., Washmg-
ton, D.C. 20036.
Twenty years ago, a presidential commission chaired by Illinois governor Otto Kerner warned that, among other things, the U.S. black population was dividing into a "small but steadily increasing Negro middle class" and a larger number of riot-prone "have-nots" who were "stagnating econorni-...
Allan M. Brandt, in Science (Jan. 22, 1988), 1333 H St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, which has so far afflicted about one in 4,200 Americans, is not the first sexually transmitted disease to become a major national worry. During the late 1800s, about one in 10 citizens had syphilis. Its story, says Brandt, associate professor of social medicine at Harvard, offers an "important analog" to the AIDS drama.
Syphilis was feared both as a disease (often...
300 A.D. the camel caravan's superi- ority in long-haul work was established. A new "north Arabian saddle" raised the camel's peak load to 500 Ibs., making the typical string of 12 animals, tended one or two men, more efficient than any wagon. Fig- ures in the Emperor Diocletian's Edict on Prices (301 A.D.) suggest that camels cost 20 percent less to maintain than horse- or donkey-drawn carts.
Whatever the terrain, the long-limbed animals could move 20 miles in a six-hour traveling day...
others was considered theft, it was made an act of religious merit for people to subsidize "caravanserais" where camel drivers could tarry up to three days and get free shelter, food, and fodder. Asia Minor alone had 1,100 such "truck stops." One merchant's notes for a 79-day trip in 1581-82 showed his transport costs to be no more than three percent of the sale price of his goods; his ex- penses for customs and "protection" were higher.
Still vital even after 1300,...
their students' "miraculous" ability to listen-and to learn.
PRESS & TELEVISION
"Securing the Middle Ground: Reporter Formu-
las in 60 Minutes1' Richard Campbell, in
Critical Studies in Mass Communication
(Dec. 1987), Speech Communication Associa- tion, 5105 Backlick Rd., handale, Va. 22003.
Now 20 years old, 60 Minutes is the longest-running and most popular prime-time news program in U.S. television history. Why? Creator Don Hewitt's prophecy that a documentary series tha...