1980, only 52.6 percent did. But the 1980 rate was not precedent-setting; only 52 percent of eligible Amer- icans voted in the Roosevelt-Hoover election of 1932, and 51 percent voted in the Truman-Dewey battle of 1948.
In 1984, 53.1 percent of Americans voted for president, a slight rise over 1980. The authors predict that because the U.S. electorate is aging, and older Americans tend to vote more often than younger ones, the percentage will increase this November. But nonvoting Americans proba-...
PERIODICALS
FOREIGN POLICY & DEFENSE
come routine; in Fiscal Year 1987, for example, 31,059 Guardsmen
trained in 35 nations, including West Germany, England, and South Korea.
Moreover, each of four regular divisions in the Army currently is allotted a
"round-out brigade" from the National Guard that would bring the division
to full combat strength in time of war; Newland predicts that more such
arrangements will follow as congressional budget cuts further reduce the
Army's...
Saudi Arabia.
"Arms, Aid, and the Superpowers" Stephanie
G. Neuman, in Foreign Affairs(Summer 1988), Council on Foreign Relations, 58 East 68th St., New York, N.Y. 10021.
Can the superpowers continue to dominate the international arms trade? Some specialists contend that the pre-eminence of the United States and the Soviet Union in weapons sales has ended.
Neuman, director of the Comparative Defense Studies Program at Co-lumbia University, points out that the superpowers' share of...
other nations of weapons that use their components. The United States has blocked sales of Sweden's Viggen fighter and Israel's Kfir fighter bomber because these aircraft use American-built parts. The Soviet Union is even more restrictive; only India can produce modem Soviet weapons under license.
These curbs guarantee continued superpower dominance of the arms trade. In the Iran-Iraq war, for example, both superpowers have, since 1983, thwarted sales to Iran of tanks, air-defense systems, or jet...
tax cuts and deregulation of interstate commerce the Reagan administration; states that followed suit, such as Florida and Illi-nois, have enjoyed robust economic gains. The 1980s experience indicates that Washington should not try to block change through an "industrial policy"; it should pursue market-oriented trade and monetary policies, allowing all areas of the nation to attain "long-run economic success."
"Contraction and Expansion: The Divergence of Private Sector...
requiring binding arbitration to solve disputes) making mem- bership more attractive.
Why are government unions losing members more slowly than their counterparts in business? Freeman sees U.S. corporations as more fer- vently "antiunion" than during past decades. Executives in industry who oppose unions and union wage demands can increase profits; mayors or governors who try to thwart employee unions may find themselves losing the next election.
for Success "The Difficult Birth...
icy Review (Spring 19881, Heritage Foundation,
214 Massachusetts Ave. N.E., Washington, D.C.
20002.
A rising number of children in the United States are being raised hired workers, rather than by parents or family. A 1984 Census Bureau study reported that eight percent of working mothers rear their children them- selves, 40 percent give them to relatives during the day, and 52 percent hire others to tend their offspring.
However, according to Zinsmeister, a free-lance writer and demogra- pher,...
"American Indian Household Structure and In-come" Gary D. Sandefur and Arthur Saka-moto, in Demography (Feb. 1988), Population Association of America, 1429 Duke St., Alexan- dria, Va. 22314-3402.
American Indians, as a group, are among the nation's least affluent people. Sandefur and Sakamoto, sociologists at the University of Wisconsin, Madi- son, find a surprising source of Indians' economic survival: the dominance of the traditional family.
Forty-three percent of Indians lived in...
an Indian as "Indian families"; non-Indian men who marry Indians are defined as heading non- Indian households. Since more than half of married Indian women have non-Indian husbands, this definition is "especially significant" in determin- ing which Indian families, rich or poor, are counted the government.
Deongeshg subwbs "The Real Problem with Suburban AntigroWh
Policies" bv Anthonv Downs in The Brookin~s
Review (spring 1988)~ 1775 ~assachuse&
Ave. N.N,Washington,...
65 percent (64 million), while the U.S. popula- tion rose only 18 percent (37 million). Between 1984 and 1986, auto vehicle usage rose twice as fast as the U.S. population. This "automobile vehicle population explosion" is the chief villain, along with the sprawl of suburban office buildings and such massive shopping centers as Tysons Comer in Virginia and the Oakbrook Shopping Center near Chicago.
The most popular suburban antigrowth strategy is to make new build- ings very expensive....