In Essence

Michael Nelson, in PS: Politi- cal Science and Politics (Fall 1988), 1527 New Hampshire Ave. the Better N.w., Washington, D.C. 20036.
Nineteenth-century Americans would have been astonished last summer's uproar over Dan Quayle's nomination for vice president. Ironically, says Nelson, a Van- derbilt political scientist, the Quayle con- troversy highlights a dramatic improve- ment in the way vice presidential candidates are chosen.
Early in the nation's history, when, by law, the runner-up in every...

Richard A. Brody and Catherine R. Shapiro, in PoliticalThe President Behavior Annual (Volume 2), Westview Press, 5500 Central
Ave., Boulder, Colo. 8030 1.
Scholars and politicians have long cited the "rally around the flag" effect: thanks to patriotic sentiment, public approval of the president always goes up in times of inter- national crisis.
Not so, say Brody and Shapiro, of Stan- ford University. Such grassroots support is "far from automatic." In some cases, the president...

Richard A. Brody and Catherine R. Shapiro, in PoliticalThe President Behavior Annual (Volume 2), Westview Press, 5500 Central
Ave., Boulder, Colo. 8030 1.
Scholars and politicians have long cited the "rally around the flag" effect: thanks to patriotic sentiment, public approval of the president always goes up in times of inter- national crisis.
Not so, say Brody and Shapiro, of Stan- ford University. Such grassroots support is "far from automatic." In some cases, the president...

the turn of the century, the "gross regional product" of these nations will equal that of North America.
Meanwhile, to "contain" the Soviets, the United States keeps 330,000 military per- sonnel, nearly half its Navy ships, and sev- eral Air Force fighter wings in or near East Asia. The annual cost: some $50 billion, or 18 percent of the Pentagon budget.
Trying to cope with altered economic realities of the U.S.-Asian relationship, Washington has pressed Japan and other Asian...

Christopher Hewitt, in Terrorism (No. 3, 1988), Crane,And Dollars Russak & Co., 3 E. 44th St., New York, N.Y. 10017.
Terrorists the world over hope to achieve tions were relatively numerous and costly their various political goals disrupting ($22.5 million); in Northern Ireland, there societies, spreading fear, and provoking were none. The Basque ETA exacted a governments into repressive acts. What heavy toll in "revolutionary tax" extortions about their economic impact? from local...

Spain (814), Cyprus (652), and Italy (386).
Almost everywhere, terrorist campaigns sparked increases in government outlays for police and other security forces. Oddly, however, these expenditures often bore lit- tle relation to the actual threat. Thus, West Germany, facing relatively minor terror- ism, spent an additional $2.7 billion over 11 years, while Italy's internal security

ECONOMICS, LABOR & BUSINESS

spending dropped.
Adding up the direct dollar costs of ter- rorism, Hewitt found th...

Robert Eisner, in Journal of Economic Literature (Dec. 1988), 1313 21st Ave. S., Ste. 809, Nashville, Tenn. 37212-2786.
Most Americans regard the gross national product (GNP) as the basic gauge of the nation's economic progress. But Eisner, president of the American Economics Association, writes that many specialists believe that the official GNP figures are deeply flawed.
The GNP is calculated from the U.S. Commerce Department's National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), a kind of national...

Robert Eisner, in Journal of Economic Literature (Dec. 1988), 1313 21st Ave. S., Ste. 809, Nashville, Tenn. 37212-2786.
Most Americans regard the gross national product (GNP) as the basic gauge of the nation's economic progress. But Eisner, president of the American Economics Association, writes that many specialists believe that the official GNP figures are deeply flawed.
The GNP is calculated from the U.S. Commerce Department's National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), a kind of national...

James S. Coleman, in Noire Dame Journal of 'Social Capital' Law, Ethics, & Public Policy (NO.3, 1988), Notre Dame Law
School, Notre Dame, Ind. 46556.

Two years ago, in a controversial study comparing 1,015 public and private high schools, Coleman, a University of Chicago sociologist, found that private schools, par- ticularly Catholic schools, frequently out- performed public schools.
Less widely noted at the time were dif- ferences among the private schools. The "independent" p...

James S. Coleman, in Noire Dame Journal of 'Social Capital' Law, Ethics, & Public Policy (NO.3, 1988), Notre Dame Law
School, Notre Dame, Ind. 46556.

Two years ago, in a controversial study comparing 1,015 public and private high schools, Coleman, a University of Chicago sociologist, found that private schools, par- ticularly Catholic schools, frequently out- performed public schools.
Less widely noted at the time were dif- ferences among the private schools. The "independent" p...

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