In Essence

Government incentives and a move to technology and telecommunications have helped fuel the Irish economy.

Where the 20th century ranks in terms of temperature is a critical point in the ongoing debate over global warming.

The 9/11 terrorist attacks prompted a debate over security and liberty, but that debate has been wrongly framed and needlessly divisive.

Hierarchical companies were once viewed as the key to America's economic success, but they now seem a relic of the past.

"Issues in Economics" by Katharine Bradbury and Jane Katz, in Regional Review (2002: Qtr. 4), Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, 600 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass. 02106.

The early take on media "embedding."

In the period following the Protestant Reformation, private worship sites helped pave the way for religious toleration.

"Lincoln on Judicial Despotism" by Robert P. George, in First Things (Feb. 2003), Institute on Religion and Public Life, 156 Fifth Ave., Ste. 400, New York, N.Y. 10010.

" ‘A Score of Bloody Okinawas and Iwo Jimas’: President Truman and Casualty Estimates for the Invasion of Japan" by D. M. Giangreco, in Pacific Historical Review (Feb. 2003), 487 Cramer Hall, Portland State Univ., Portland, Ore. 97207–0751.

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