giving Mr. Madison men and money?" asked Gouverneur Morris, former minister to France. Faced with obstructions to recruiting, tax-collecting, and the movement of troops, Madison, like later Presidents, believed that domestic discontent was "the greatest, if not the sole, inducement with the enemy to persevere."
Unlike some later Presidents, however, Madison refused to crack down on dissent, believing that to do so would be "to 'lose' the war waging it incongruously"-by...