Jasper F. Cropsey (1823-1900) and New England Scen- ery Frederic E. Church (1826-1900)-were composite images, but were very much like Kensett's in scale, composition, and theme. The three scenes, Troyen says, had a "Jefferso- nian harmony and idyllic quality," and offered "the sense of America as the new Eden." It was a reassuring vision then, for outside the Art- Union's walls, Troyen writes, "the nation was in turmoil, scarcely recovered from the crises precipitating....