In 1800, the score of professional scientists in the United States was scarcely distinguishable from the somewhat larger group of devoted amateurs-like the gentleman-scholar Thomas Jefferson and the multi-talented Benjamin Franklin. As befitted a nation of farmers, sailors, and craftsmen, most Americans pursued such sciences as zoology, botany, geology, and astron- omy-sciences rooted in the world around them. There was a constitutional mandate to "wromote" the useful arts and sci- ences...
the Ernest Hemingways and the James Joneses.
Korea's history did not, of course, begin with the U.S. entry into the 1950-53 war, although that period undoubtedly marks the beginning of many Americans' recognition of the Koreans as a separate people.
The strategic location of the Ko- rean peninsula meant that from the beginning its inhabitants were often subjugated outsiders, especially, for centuries, by invaders from the Chinese hinterland. The Chinese ruler Ch'i Tzu in 1122 B.C. subdued Korea's...
Very little human activity ever proves of much consequence in the anarchic scheme of history, and, whether fortunate or not, the fact is nonetheless irksome; men do not like to be told that they are plowing the waves.
The Roman noet Horace ventured one solution: Through
"
art, he claimed, one could erect a monument "more permanent than bronzeupand he was right, at least in his own case. But today men are building a collective, not an individual, monu- ment: the edifice of scientific...
public agencies and private institutions
"The Universe: Finite or Infinite?"
Smithsonian Institution, Office of Public Affairs, Washington, D.C. 20560.2~~.
Author: George Field
The universe is now expanding, ap- parently as the result of a giant explo- sion some 15 to 20 billion years ago. Will it continue to expand indefinitely, or stop expanding and collapse?
While some recent observations suggest that it will expand through all eternity, scientists at the Harvard- Smithsonian Center...
SCIENCE
DILEMMAS
DOWN THE ROAD
by John D.Holmfeld
Since World War I1 science has become a major claimant on the federal budget; it now involves every federal department, some 45 congressional committees, a score of specialized agen- cies, about 500 universities, and nearly 2 million scientists, en- gineers, and technicians~one third of them concentrated in re- search and development.
If this effort seems diffuse, there are nevertheless some overarching principles. Among them: that the fe...
To understand the United States today, it is necessary to know some- thing about the Establishment.
Most citizens don't realize it exists. Yet the Establishment makes its influence felt from the President's Cabinet to the professional life of a young college teacher who wants a foundation grant. It affects the nation's policies in almost every area.
-The News & Courier, Charleston, S.C., October 18, 1961
It is now, of course, conceded by Naturally, Establishment leaders most fair-minded...
Thomas Cripps
Scholars cannot agree on the nature of "popular culture," but they do seem to know its sources.
They point, for example, to a demographic bulge toward the end of the 17th century that restored Europe's population to the high levels of 1348-the year of the Black Death. This emergence of a new mass audience coincided with the first industrial revo- lution; cheaper printing and increased literacy soon helped nur-
The WilsonQuarterlyISummer 1978
87
ture the rise of popular...
Scholars cannot agree on the nature of "popular culture," but they do seem to know its sources.
They point, for example, to a demographic bulge toward the end of the 17th century that restored Europe's population to the high levels of 1348-the year of the Black Death. This emergence of a new mass audience coincided with the first industrial revo- lution; cheaper printing and increased literacy soon helped nur-
The WilsonQuarterlyISummer 1978
87
POP CULTURE
ture the rise of popular...
POP CULTURE
clusively with daytime. The show features no gunfights or car chases; there are moments of leisurely, uneventful conversation between the younger and older generations.
It is a curious inversion: Where once daytime TV fled prime time, prime time now copies daytime. The evidence is every- where, from the success of The Forsyte Saga and Upstairs Down-stairs (soap operas with extra starch) to major television serials like Rich Man Poor Man, Roots, and Captains and Kings. Spec-taculars...
clusively with daytime. The show features no gunfights or car chases; there are moments of leisurely, uneventful conversation between the younger and older generations.
It is a curious inversion: Where once daytime TV fled prime time, prime time now copies daytime. The evidence is every- where, from the success of The Forsyte Saga and Upstairs Down-stairs (soap operas with extra starch) to major television serials like Rich Man Poor Man, Roots, and Captains and Kings. Spec-taculars aside, even...