The first travelers left home reluctantly, after playing fast and loose with the terms of their ­lease:

Some natural tears they dropped, but wiped them ­soon;

The World was all before them . . . :

They hand in hand with wand’ring steps and slow,

Through Eden took their solitary ­way.

(Paradise Lost XII, 645–46, 648–49)

Travel began as a precise landlord’s retribution, and no matter how plush the circumstances of movement have become, lodged still in travel’s DNA are the traces of a sweet deal gone sour: The big plane will shudder, the ­high-­decked ship rock, the Segway reverse course. And physical shocks are the least of it. Our errant first parents had only each other to endure. But we move in the company of . . . others, and it costs us. The assorted penalties of contemporary travel are evidence of how long the Almighty can hold a ­grudge.

Adam and Eve had no choice but to be on their way. We elect to go, over and over. The figures from the Travel Industry Association of America are staggering. “Travel and tourism” is said to be a $1.3 trillion industry in the United States. “Total domestic person trips,” defined as trips that take you 50 miles or more from home, or force you to spend at least a night away from home, totaled 1.2 million in 2004 (the number has no doubt gone up since), and more than 80 percent of them were not for business or professional purposes but for leisure travel. We can’t wait to lock the front door and unsheathe the handle on that tippy piece of wheeled ­luggage.

Why do we go? Our motives are pretty much what the motives for elective travel have always been: to see the country, or the world; to know the unknown; to open ourselves to new experience; to relax; to confirm that, by golly, people the world over really are the same. An intrepid few of us may even insist, with Robert Louis Stevenson (Travels With a Donkey), “For my part, I travel not to go anywhere, but to go. I travel for travel’s sake.” Easy enough for him to say; the jackass he traveled with wasn’t the garrulous stranger in an adjacent ­seat.

But what’s left for the casual traveler to discover? Since that day when the world was all before our unsettled ancestors, a lot has happened. Adam and Eve may have traveled light, but they did carry curiosity from Eden, and it was the best part of their legacy. All the brave individuals, down through the ages, who said to themselves, “I know what’s here, but what’s elsewhere?” and then set out to answer the question, made us a gift of the world they ­observed.

The great heroic age of travel and exploration is ended. The planet’s become a familiar sight to billions of ­people—­not because they’ve been everywhere, or anywhere necessarily, but because so many others have done the job for them and broadcast the results, in words and images. It’s not just the world’s signature architectural ­sites—­the easy stuff like Pyramids, Parthenon, Pantheon, Kremlin, and ­such—­or natural wonders, like the Nile in flow, that we recognize. Thanks to nature TV, we’re savvy about the world’s rarest flora, and practically on speaking terms with a lot of its fauna. Haven’t we all felt the pain of those hapless penguins, whose ­to-­and-­froing across Antarctica for the species’ survival seems hardly preferable to their fallback fate as a sea lion’s lunch? The camera can profile an insect borne from egg to oblivion on an indifferent carrion bird, or find the shyest mollusk mating in an undersea recess. It won’t be long before TV runs out of novel world, unless evolution picks up the ­pace.

“But isn’t it important to see for yourself? Travel broadens us, right?” How firsthand does experience have to be before it counts as experience? If you’ve seen pictures of the pigeons in Venice’s Piazza San Marco, do you need to have them hem you in on-site, while you confirm that the nearby basilica and the bobbing gondolas look . . . just like they do in their photos? If travel is indeed broadening, the benefits are entirely contained. What’s more numbing than to hear about somebody else’s trip? A routine of vacation slide shows, or maybe PowerPoint presentations, could break the steeliest ­terrorist—­or would The Hague cry “Foul!”

Travel to relax? Not when our impatience has been so precision honed. It used to take supreme courage to travel. Now it takes a lot of distracting devices (by generations: PlayStation, iPod, laptop, book). We suffer to the measure of our new intolerance, as when we’re outraged by a couple hours’ delay in crossing an ocean that was once an ordeal lasting weeks. Drive the family to a national park, and you can swap photos and sandwiches with the family in an adjacent SUV while your convoy moves, taillights to grills, through the clotted space at the speed of courage surfacing in ­Congress.

Travel for pleasure? Not when at airports you’re put through a rite of passage that baffles everyone and fools no one: the phased frisking of decent folk who are made to shed layers of clothing and their ­no-­less-­suspect books, newspapers, currency, and unguents before being herded, unshod, by stolid attendants through nervous portals, every impatient toddler and unsteady grandma eyed like an agile ­assassin.

Are things better aloft? Not when you can reach into the pocket of the seatback in front of you and pull out garbage that could be carbon dated. ­Cost ­cutting by the airlines leaves fewer pennies for cleaning crews, whose appearances are being coordinated with those of Halley’s comet. Is the day far off when flight attendants will ask you to do a quick turn with a handvac to earn your microchip ­pretzels?

And yet we go. And ­go—­on ships like skyscrapers laid sideways, each carrying the population of a small town and the frills of a big city; on planes that in a few years will cocoon many more hundreds than planes do at present, squeezing us as usual, but stacking us too; on thrifty buses that promise to show us the country up close, and all too successfully ­do.

We’ve been sold on the idea that travel is no longer a luxury. It’s a staple, like soymilk. Vacations used to be for summer. Now they know no ­season—­or rather, they know every season. The travel industry hawks a product, and to get the attention of a public that, increasingly, has been there (on the Discovery Channel) or done that (on Court TV), ­the pitches have become more extravagant. How many people actually take the kinds of trips featured in the glossy getaway magazines, or in the newspaper travel supplements that extend the fantasies the papers invite us to indulge other days of the week about real estate, fashion, and food: Find the ­house-­on-­stilts of your dreams, and ignore the friable mountain it clings to; dress like the guy who always got beat up in school, or the girl who majored in escort service; follow a recipe that lets you substitute badger if your butcher is out of Tasmanian ­devil.

The travel pages tap into the same extremes of mad play, and with cost rarely an issue, the unreality is pure. Editors dream like drunken Coleridges, and hand subordinates maps. You don’t just take a trip to Germany anymore; you book a Third Reich tour of Munich. You make for “the uttermost part of the Earth: Tierra del Fuego.” You’re the first on your block with a tan from the Saint-Tropez of Turkey, Turkbuku. You’re off to an Ayurvedic spa in southern India, one of the “pilgrims with deep pockets” willing to bet that an ancient medical system can’t be any worse than our own. A recent issue of New York magazine featured an exhausting number of ways to relax: Track a wild rhino in Africa. Spend a morning at a Tokyo ­gym—­with sumos. Nightsled down a torch-lit mountain in Slovenia. Windsurf in a ­rum-­scented Dominican Republic paradise. Reef dive with whale sharks in Honduras. Shop for national treasures at bargain prices in Oaxaca. (Hmmm. Rhino or a shopping spree? For a New Yorker, not exactly Sophie’s choice.)

You can’t make this stuff up anymore. Or rather you can, but you’d better be quick, before a Sunday travel supplement staffer beats you to the departure gate, in search of the perfect sausage, or the planet’s 10 best gated communities, or the world’s most ­kid-­friendly volcanoes. Every patch on Earth, no matter how distant, has its locating coordinates, which include an arrival time. In these fantasies, the world is spread before us as if it were a vast playground for Americans. But as playgrounds go, our world is, in fact, one of the ­old-­fashioned kind, paved with concrete, where you can crack your skull if you lose your balance, and bullies lie in wait. The same newspapers and TV screens that promote the fantasies of travel put this rough world before us, too, and the allurements of the one contend with the dangers of the other. At the far end of the journeys abroad we Americans take these days, the arms that once opened to welcome us may be ­folded.

Can a case be made for staying put? It’s open-and-shut for Pascal in his ­take-­no-­prisoners Pensées: “All the misfortunes of men come from one thing only: their not knowing how to remain at peace in a room at home.” At least Samuel Beckett, in Waiting for Godot, manages to put his two tramps outdoors, on a road, where they have the same exchange at the end of each ­act:

 

Well? Shall we ­go?

Yes, let’s ­go.

[They do not ­move.]

 

Though it stops just short, their passivity tilts toward despair. Better to incline another way and consider passivity’s upside: Unnoticed, forgotten, you’ll be safe. As Ulysses reminds Achilles in Troilus and Cressida, “Things in motion sooner catch the eye/than what stirs not” (III.iii.182–3). (Was it sly of Shakespeare to put those words in the mouth of the man who went on to become travel’s poster boy, launching the tradition of a cruise with extended layovers?) Best of all would be to find passivity an unexpected stimulant. No one ever took more delight in being out and about than Cole Porter, but even he had to catch his breath from time to time and weigh the ­alternative:

 

Just being ­still

Might give us a brand new ­thrill.

So why don’t we try staying ­home?

Wouldn’t that be ­nice?

We’ve tried everything else ­twice.

So why don’t we try staying ­home?

(“Why Don’t We Try Staying Home?” 1929)

 

I’m not proposing inertia as a permanent option; the economy couldn’t take it. But as a temporary measure, a counter to the ceaseless spin of our lives, lasting just long enough for us to get our bearings and sort out a bit more of what’s fantasy about the world from what’s purposeful, it has its appeal. Stillness, silence, the reflective ­pause—­air and head cleared of ­noise—­are about as welcome today as plague rats were in the Middle Ages. The newest reaper wields no scythe, just puts a bone finger to his lips and pulls your ­earpiece.

What the Roman poet Horace wrote to a peripatetic friend a couple of millennia ago is sensible ­still:

 

Caelum non animum mutant qui trans mare ­currunt.

Strenua nos exercet inertia: navibus ­atque

quadrigis petimus bene vivere. Quod petis, hic est,

est Ulubris, animus si te non deficit ­aequus.

(Epistles I. 11. 27–30)

 

Which is to say, stretching the concise verse to a clumsy length (and keeping the Latin’s shifts from third person to first to second), “People cross the sea and the sky above them is different, but they don’t change. A busy idleness keeps us going. We take to ships and boats in search of the good life. But what you’re after is right here in Ulubrae [i.e., at home], if you keep your mind on an even keel.”

So strive for a settled soul, a level mind, right where you are, and put the brakes to the body for a while. How frail a vessel the body is anyway to bear the shifting cargo of our ­expectations.