The United States emerged from World War I1 with a new appreciation of the importance of energy to the nation's sur- vival. It had participated in the first fully mechanized war in history. In the view of the State Department's Charles B. Rayner, testifying before the Senate in 1945, the Allies won be- cause the United States had oil in abundance; Germany and Ja- pan fought for it in Baku and Kirkuk, in Burma and Indonesia, and they lost because they were unable to capture it, or to cap- ture it...