's independence but almost never thereafter. A tie is re- ferred to even today as a dug ma'luach, a herring.
As in the shtetls, everyone seemed to know everyone else. To call a fellow Jew adon ("Mr.") was almost insulting. Much pre- ferred was haver ("comrade, friend"). Rather than a mere na- tion, the Yishuv seemed to be a large, self-centered Jewish town where doors were left unlocked and children played in the streets under every adult's protective gaze.
Most Jews belonged...