PERIODICALS
ECONOMICS, LABOR & BUSINESS
seizures of neutral American ships. According to Frankel, a Berkeley economist, British imports from America dropped 73 percent the fol- lowing year; exports fell 56 percent. Some trade continued because the Embargo Act was at first loosely enforced and because some ships had already embarked on their long Atlantic crossing when the Act was passed. Smugglers also accounted for some trading.
But not much, says Frankel. Cotton was the chief U.S. expor...
1980, 32 percent more blacks worked in the craft trades-carpentry, plumbing, printing-while 15 percent fewer worked as laborers. The black-white income ratio in blue-collar fields was 81 percent in 1980, compared to 78 percent in 1973. Meanwhile, the number of black household workers dropped 42 percent, and black farm employment fell by 32 percent.
The earnings of black and white women were more nearly equal than those of black and white men. The earnings ratio of black to white women was 92.2...
God, was man's own creation-formed and sustained, and thus altera- ble, human beings acting autonomously," says Wood. Meanwhile, Enlightenment science fostered the belief that causes and effects in human affairs could be discovered, as they were in Newtonian physics. Faced with King George Ill's declarations of good will and such shock- ingly hostile developments as the 1765 Stamp Act, colonial leaders assumed that British officials were conspiring against them.
Ironically, Woods observes,...
one estimate, a mandatory five-year sentence for felonies would reduce such crimes only four percent.
dramatically reduced rearrests of youthful offenders-most of whom come from broken homes-by placing them in closely supervised group homes and providing jobs and education. The federal Child and Family Resources program produced similar results during the 1970s by pro- viding counseling, tutoring, and meals for children at a cost of only $3,000 per family.
The way to make America's streets safe,...
1980, collections were up to $600 million, five percent of benefits. Success varies from state to state. In New York, administrative costs exceeded collections in 1980, while Michigan rounded up $3 for every $1 spent. Nationwide, the program recouped $1.34 for each $1 of expenses.
One-third of all AFDC families with an absent parent should now be receiving child support, but only one in seven of those families does so. If collections could be improved and new awards won from other miss- ing parents,...
Jeff Greenfield, in Channels of
Strike Out Communications (~une-~uly
1982), P.O.
Box 2001, Mahopac, N.Y. 10541.
The election of telegenic former actor Ronald Reagan in 1980 seemed to
" "
many observers to confirm the power of television in politics. Actually,
says Greenfield, a commentator for CBS News, the 1980 election proved
the opposite.
All of Ted Kennedy's charisma could not overcome his failure to
provide voters with an appealing political program. The "irresistible"...
Jeff Greenfield, in Channels of
Strike Out Communications (~une-~uly
1982), P.O.
Box 2001, Mahopac, N.Y. 10541.
The election of telegenic former actor Ronald Reagan in 1980 seemed to
" "
many observers to confirm the power of television in politics. Actually,
says Greenfield, a commentator for CBS News, the 1980 election proved
the opposite.
All of Ted Kennedy's charisma could not overcome his failure to
provide voters with an appealing political program. The "irresistible"...
contrast, traditional non-Western ideas of human rights have centered on "the small community based on groupings of extended families," where a network of social support serves the same protective function as institutionalized Western human rights.
When Western philosophers began discussing human rights in the 17th century, the modern state was just taking shape. According to Donnelly, needs for human rights in the Third World today are "essen- tially the same . . . as they were...
most other philosophers, he did force them to confront contemporary social questions they would have preferred to ignore. And many of his student followers in the '60s are now taking their places in the ranks of today's teachers of philosophy.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
"Micromemories" John Douglas, in Science 82 (July-Aug. 1982), P.O. Box
. -
10790, Des Moines, Iowa 50340,
The computer wizards who put a calculator in every pocket are now at work on Phase I1 of the "microelectronic revol...
burning tiny pits into them. Recently released Toshiba, the first commercial optical disks can store the equivalent of 33 books of 300 pages each; but they offer a "sluggardly" retrieval time of half a second. Optical disks have one other serious drawback: They cannot be amended or rerecorded.
The most promising micromemory technology, as Douglas sees it, involves making silicon chips "superconducting"~cuttingtheir resist- ance to the passage of electricity by bathing them in...