PERIODICALS
ARTS & LETTERS
introduced many new works Stravinsky, Debussy, and Ravel.
Most conductors included no works from the past in their musical programs. Felix Mendelssohn's controversial 1829 revival of Bach's St. Matthew Passion was a turning point. Gradually, older works came to dominate conductors' repertoires, and became "classics."
In Europe and America, composers themselves contributed to the change, Henahan concedes, by turning increasingly after World War I t...
his rival's supporters. Dissidents have been imprisoned; the press has begun to suffer government harassment. [In February 1983, Mugabe widened the campaign; thousands of ZAPU sympathizers and former guerrillas were killed government troops.]
Mugabe placates other potential rivals with patronage. Of the 80 black members of Parliament, he has appointed 54 as cabinet ministers or deputy ministers with salaries of up to $35,000. Such dubious ap- pointments, along with the departure of white civil...
Bil-
Creating Hunger lie R. DeWalt, in The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (Jan. 1983), 5801 South
In Honduras Kenwood, Chicago, 111.60637.
In 1976, Honduras joined a growing list of Third World nations that must import corn, rice, and other basic foods. Many of its people go hungry. Yet, at the same time, the Hondurans have stepped up their production and export of beef.
Between 1961 and 1980, such exports rose more than 500 percent, while domestic beef consun~ption dropped. In the rich...
Liza Crihfield
apan's Geisha Dalby, in Natural Histon' (Feb. 1983), Box
4300, Bergenfield, N.J. 07621.
To Westerners, Japan's "geisha girls," with their powdered faces and traditional garb, seem exotic and slightly sinful. Most Japanese, reports anthropologist Dalby, have the same reaction.
Yet the geisha are not prostitutes. The first geisha were male enter- tainers in 17th-century Japanese brothels. No women entered the pro- fession until 1751, but 1800 they had claimed the profession...
edited by Alfonso Ortiz
Smithsonian, 1983
868 pp. $25
by Robert Shogan
New American Library,
1982
312 pp. $15.95
by Stanley I. Kutler
Hill & Wang, 1982
285 pp. $16.50
by Jean Lacouture
trans. by George Holoch
Holmes & Meier, 1982
571 pp. $39.50 cloth,
$24.50 paper
by William E. Nelson
Harvard, 1982
208 pp. $22.50