artist Charles White. In 1950, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a Negro could. The decision in Sweatt v. Painter was one of a long series of rulings the high COLL~I,
beginning in the late I930s, that chipped away at the legal foundations o/'iegregation.
The Wilson QuarterlyISpring 1984
48
On June 29, 1964, the United States Congress passed a sweeping Civil Rights Act, climaxing a decade of rising protest against the racial segregation that the Supreme Court had sought to end in Brown v. Board...
"There comes a time," Lyndon Baines Johnson liked to say, quoting Cactus Jack Garner, "in poker and politics, when a man has to shove in all his stack." For LBJ, the moment came on November 22, 1963.
On May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court launched the modern quest for racial equality in America when it struck down public school segregation in Brown v. Board of Education. That quest has developed slowly into a controversy about the meaning of civil rights and the idea of equality-a controversy that contin- ues to inject itself into our politics today.
After the Civil War, black leaders and civil-rights advocates generally believed that the law should make no distinctions on the basis of race....
It is no secret that the social problems of urban life in the United States are, in great measure, associated with race.
While rising rates of crime, drug addiction, out-of-wedlock births, female-headed families. and welfare deoendencv have af- flicted American society generally in recent years, the increases have been most dramatic among what has become a large and seemingly permanent black underclass inhabiting the cores of the nation's major cities.
And yet, liberal journalists, social scientists,...
the end of the 17th century, the London-based Royal African Company was bringing 1,000 slaves into Virginia every year. Victory in America's War of Independence did not end the slave trade. 1790, roughly one of every five persons in the new republic was black. August Meier and Elliot Rudwick cover much of the same ground as Franklin in From Plantation to Ghetto (Hill & Wang, 1976, cloth & paper).
Congress outlawed the importa- tion of African slaves in 1807, but the domestic slave trade...
Before the printed book, Memory ruled daily life and the occult learning, and fully deserved the name later applied to printing, the "art preservative of all arts" (Ars artium omnium conservatrix). The Memory of individuals and of communities carried knowledge through time and space. For millennia personal Memory reigned over entertainment and information, over the perpetuation and perfection of crafts, the practice of commerce, the conduct of professions. By Memory and in Memory the...
In 1965, when Esso secured the first license from Oslo for offshore oil exploration, hopes ran high that the North Sea fields would provide a stable source of energy for the West-and a sta- ble source of income for Norway.