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Few institutions have been more severely tested in the wake of September 11 than the law. How do we treat suspected foreign terrorists? What is the proper balance between self-defense and the protection of civil liberties? A legal scholar sees an important lesson in how America has responded.

The new Bibliotheca Alexandrina opens this spring on the shores of the Mediterranean atop the foundations of a great lost legend. Will it be a beacon of intellectual hope and openness for a country sorely in need of one? An ordinary library with none of its precursor’s ancient luster? Or simply the world’s largest phone booth?

The village puts food on the Russian table and serves as a personal safety net for city-dwelling relatives. In return for their pains the farmers get a fragile form of independence, but at a great price.

Human beings have long used antibiotics and other weapons to wage war on microbes. But microbes seem to evolve almost as quickly as scientists devise new means to destroy them. It is time to abandon the war paradigm, the authors argue, and embrace new methods that will allow us a greater measure of peaceful coexistence with microbial life.

One lesson of American politics since September 11 is that some tensions between presidents and Congress spring from a deeper source than the partisan passions of the moment.

John Rawls, a giant of modern political philosophy, worked throughout his career to articulate the theoretical foundations of liberalism. Almost against his will, Rawls has suggested that those foundations are entangled with, and fortified by, religious faith.

How the museum evolved, from Egypt, to Fifth Avenue, to Bilbao, to the Web

Today´s museum buildings get more attention than the exhibits they house.

Why did so few Islamic leaders forthrightly condemn the attacks of September 11? It´s the latest symptom of a crisis of authority that has been building for more than a century--and which now must be resolved.

Popular sovereignty is the foundation of the American political system, but the nation's leaders--from James Madison to Abraham Lincoln and Ronald Reagan--have been divided over its meaning for practical government.

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